## **Learning Outcomes**

After reading this article, you will be able to analyse how writers use specific words, phrases and imagery to create meaning and impact in fiction texts for AQA GCSE English Language. You will recognise and comment on connotation, select and comment on precise evidence, and construct exam-style responses that target AO2. Clear use of subject terminology and explanation of effects will be key features in your analytical writing.

## **AQA GCSE English Language 8700 Syllabus**

For AQA GCSE English Language 8700, understanding language analysis is essential for success on Paper 1. In this article, you will focus on:

- Explaining how writers use language to achieve effects and influence readers (AO2)
- Using accurate subject terminology when analysing words, phrases and imagery
- Selecting and interpreting key evidence from fiction texts

## **Test Your Knowledge**

_Attempt these questions before reading this article. If you find some difficult or cannot remember the answers, remember to look more closely at that area during your revision._

1. Define "connotation" and give an example using a single word from a fiction text.
2. Identify two different imagery techniques and briefly describe their effects in a fictional sentence.
3. In the phrase "the house loomed above her, dark and silent," what impression is given by the word "loomed"?
4. Why is choosing short quotations important in AO2 responses?

## **Introduction**

Successful answers in AQA GCSE English Language 8700 Paper 1 show sharp focus on the writer's chosen words and imagery, moving beyond surface-level meaning. This includes recognising descriptive choices, exploring connotation and effect, and offering specific, analytical comments linked to AO2.

> **Key Term: connotation**
> The extra meanings, associations or emotions that a word suggests beyond its strict dictionary definition.
>
> **Key Term: imagery**
> Descriptive language that creates vivid pictures or appeals to the senses. Includes literary devices such as simile, metaphor, and personification.
>
> **Key Term: subject terminology**
> The correct vocabulary used to name language features and techniques, such as 'adjective', 'simile', or 'personification'.

## **Analysing Word and Phrase Choices (AO2)**

AO2 requires you to comment on the writer’s methods: why a particular word or phrase was used and what effect it has on the reader. This means looking at the layers of meaning, not just what is literally described.

### Focusing on Connotation

Every word carries certain associations. Reading for connotation means asking: What does this word suggest? What feelings or ideas come with it?

### **Worked Example 1.1**

Read the sentence: "The old tree clawed at the window through the storm."

How does the writer use language to create a feeling of unease?

> **Answer:**
> The verb "clawed" gives the impression that the tree is aggressive and animal-like, turning it into a threatening presence. This personification unsettles the reader and emphasises the storm's danger.

### Commenting on Adjectives and Verbs

Descriptive words can transform the mood or impact of a fictional scene. Analyse these choices for their effect, not just their definition.

### **Worked Example 1.2**

Text: "He shuffled down the corridor, the cold biting at his ankles."

How does the writer's use of language present the character's experience?

> **Answer:**
> The verb "shuffled" shows the character's reluctance or tiredness, suggesting he lacks energy or confidence. The phrase "the cold biting at his ankles" uses personification, making the cold seem aggressive and uncomfortable, highlighting his struggle.

### Using Imagery in Analysis

Writers use imagery to make scenes memorable. Look for techniques such as simile and metaphor.

### **Worked Example 1.3**

Text: "Her heart pounded like a trapped bird, desperate to escape."

Explain the effect of the imagery.

> **Answer:**
> The simile "like a trapped bird" compares her heartbeat to a frightened animal, conveying intense anxiety and the urgent wish to get away.
>
> **Key Term: simile**
> A comparison between two different things using 'like' or 'as' to create vivid imagery.

### Short, Precise Quotations

Use small, exact snippets to show you have targeted the writer’s choices – for example, single words or brief phrases.

### **Exam Warning**

> Avoid vague statements such as "this creates a picture" or "it makes the reader want to read on." Always specify what image is created, how the reader might feel, or what associations the word carries.

## **Exploring Effect: How and Why**

Show the examiner you can move beyond spotting features. Always answer: Why this word? What does it make the reader think or feel?

### **Revision Tip**

> For each word or phrase you analyse, make sure you explain the meaning, the connotation, and the impact on the reader. Use subject terminology naturally to support your point.
>
> **Key Term: personification**
> Giving human qualities to animals, objects or ideas to create stronger imagery.

## **Summary**

Analyse how word and phrase choices suggest extra meanings, use appropriate subject terminology, and give clear comments on connotation and imagery. Always link your ideas back to the question focus and explain the impact on the reader.

## **Key Point Checklist**

_This article has covered the following key knowledge points:_

- Analyse and comment precisely on writers' word and phrase choices (AO2)
- Identify and interpret connotation, using specific examples
- Recognise and explain imagery, such as simile, metaphor and personification
- Use accurate subject terminology in answers

## **Key Terms and Concepts**

- connotation
- imagery
- subject terminology
- simile
- personification

Language analysis (fiction) - Word and phrase choices, imagery, and connotation