## Facts

- Campbell mortgaged his property to Holyland as security for a loan.
- Campbell later attempted to transfer his entire interest in the property, including the equity of redemption, to a third party.
- Holyland contested the transfer, arguing it was invalid due to non-compliance with statutory formalities and the presence of undue influence.
- The dispute centered on whether the transfer was valid and whether Holyland's objections had merit.
- The case highlighted issues of documentation and compliance with legal formalities in transferring a mortgagor's interest.

## Issues

1. Whether a mortgagor can validly transfer their entire interest in a mortgaged property, including the equity of redemption, to a third party.
2. Whether the transfer complied with statutory formalities required for validity.
3. Whether the presence of undue influence or lack of clear documentation invalidated the transfer.
4. What equitable principles apply to the protection of the mortgagor's and mortgagee’s rights in such transfers.

## Decision

- The court held that the transfer of the mortgagor’s entire interest, including the equity of redemption, was permissible in principle if statutory formalities were satisfied and there was no fraud or undue influence.
- In this case, the transfer was found to be invalid due to non-compliance with formal statutory requirements.
- The court also determined that the presence of undue influence further invalidated the transfer.
- Clear and proper documentation was emphasized as necessary to prevent disputes and to evidence the intention of the parties.

## Legal Principles

- A mortgagor retains an equitable right to redeem the property, which is capable of transfer to a third party, subject to compliance with statutory formalities.
- Transfers of a mortgagor’s interest must be executed by deed and registered as required by law.
- The presence of fraud or undue influence will render such transfers invalid.
- Equitable principles require openness, fairness, and protection of all parties' rights in mortgage transactions.
- Adequate and clear documentation of transfers is necessary for validity and to minimize disputes.

## Conclusion

Campbell v Holyland confirmed that while a mortgagor's complete interest, including the equity of redemption, may be transferred to a third party, such transfers are only valid if executed with proper formalities and free from undue influence. The case established important standards for documentation and fairness in property transactions involving mortgages.

Campbell v Holyland (1877) 1 Ch D 166