## Facts

- Paul H. LeClair and his wife were experiencing serious marital conflict; she left the home in late December 1997.
- Days before the killing, LeClair made a threatening remark to his wife’s older son suggesting the son might not see his mother again.
- On January 4, 1998, the wife returned to the marital home; her brother arrived shortly thereafter.
- After the wife told LeClair she intended to leave him, LeClair became visibly upset and confronted the brother on the back deck.
- LeClair poked the brother’s chest; the brother took LeClair to the deck floor and pinned him briefly with an arm across his neck, releasing him when LeClair said he could not breathe.
- After remaining on the deck for a short time, LeClair went inside, took a kitchen knife from a butcher block, concealed it in his waistband, called his wife inside, and stabbed her in the chest, killing her.
- During custodial interrogation, after receiving Miranda warnings and initially speaking with police, LeClair invoked his right to counsel; interrogation stopped.
- Later, LeClair reinitiated communication with police and provided a written incriminating statement.
- A judge initially suppressed the written statement under Edwards; the ruling was reversed on interlocutory review; at trial the statement was admitted and a jury convicted LeClair of second-degree murder.
- The trial judge denied LeClair’s request for a voluntary manslaughter (heat of passion) instruction based on the brother’s brief assault.

## Issues

1. Whether LeClair’s written statement should have been suppressed because police obtained it after he invoked counsel, or whether LeClair reinitiated contact and validly waived the previously asserted right.
2. Whether the evidence required a voluntary manslaughter (heat of passion) instruction where the alleged provocation was a brief assault by the victim’s brother, but the person killed was the defendant’s wife.

## Decision

- The Supreme Judicial Court affirmed the conviction of murder in the second degree.
- The court held the written statement was admissible because, after invoking counsel, LeClair initiated further communication and then knowingly and voluntarily waived the right to counsel.
- The court held the evidence did not warrant a voluntary manslaughter instruction based on third-party provocation because the victim played no role in provoking the homicide and the sequence showed deliberation rather than an uncontrolled heat of passion.
- The court denied relief under G.L. c. 278, § 33E.

## Legal Principles

- After a suspect invokes the right to counsel during custodial interrogation, police must cease questioning; subsequent interrogation is permissible only if the suspect initiates further communication and then knowingly and voluntarily waives the right.
- A defendant is entitled to a voluntary manslaughter instruction only if any view of the evidence would permit a finding of reasonable provocation, heat of passion, a causal connection to the killing, and an objective basis for loss of self-control.
- Provocation by a third party may, in limited circumstances, support mitigation, but the evidence must permit a legal and factual connection between the provocative conduct and the person killed; mitigation is not available where the homicide victim played no role, even an inconsequential one, in the provocation.
- Evidence of time for reflection and purposeful conduct (such as obtaining and concealing a weapon and summoning the victim) may defeat a claim that the killing occurred in sudden heat of passion without cooling time.

## Conclusion

The court upheld admission of LeClair’s written statement because he reinitiated contact after requesting counsel and validly waived that right, and it rejected a heat-of-passion manslaughter instruction because the alleged provocation came from a third party and the victim was not involved, while the defendant’s conduct showed deliberation rather than an immediate, provoked reaction.


Commonwealth v. LeClair, 445 Mass. 734 (2006)