## Facts

- Josephine Drake (plaintiff) hired Russell, a mechanic/contractor, to perform repairs on Drake’s house.
- Russell mistakenly entered and repaired Edward Bell’s (defendant’s) neighboring house instead of Drake’s, without Bell’s prior knowledge or request.
- Bell’s house needed repair, and the work made a significant, lasting improvement to Bell’s property.
- After Bell became aware of the work and reviewed it, he orally promised to pay the contractor for the repairs.
- The contractor assigned his claim against Bell to Drake.
- Drake sued Bell to recover payment based on Bell’s promise to pay for the work.

## Issues

1. Whether a property owner’s subsequent oral promise to pay for repairs mistakenly performed on the owner’s property, without prior request or agreement, is enforceable.

## Decision

- Judgment for Drake.
- The court held Bell’s promise enforceable because Bell received and retained a concrete, permanent benefit from the repairs and then expressly promised to pay for that benefit.

## Legal Principles

- A promise supported only by a moral obligation, without any received value or other legally recognized basis, is generally not enforceable.
- When a promisor has received and kept a definite, material benefit from the promisee, a later promise made in recognition of that benefit may be enforced.
- Retention of a nonreturnable improvement to real property can supply the past value that supports enforcement of a later promise to pay for the work.
- Enforcement in this setting is tied to the value of the benefit actually received and kept, rather than to a purely gratuitous motive.

## Conclusion

Drake v. Bell enforced a homeowner’s post-performance promise to pay for mistakenly delivered repairs where the homeowner’s property was substantially and permanently improved, the benefit could not realistically be returned, and the homeowner expressly promised to pay after learning of and reviewing the work; the court treated the retained material benefit as sufficient support for the promise.


Drake v. Bell, 55 N.Y.S. 945 (1899)