## Facts

- The taxpayers sought to avoid capital gains tax on the sale of shares.
- They inserted a Jersey company as an intermediate step: shares were first transferred to this company, which then sold them to the final purchaser.
- The purpose of involving the Jersey company was to obtain a tax advantage.
- The House of Lords, applying the Ramsay principle, found that the transfer to the Jersey company lacked commercial substance and was inserted solely for tax avoidance purposes.

## Issues

1. Whether artificial steps in a transaction lacking genuine commercial purpose, introduced solely for tax avoidance, should be disregarded in determining tax liability.
2. Whether the overall transaction should be assessed as a composite whole, rather than by examining each step in isolation.

## Decision

- The House of Lords held that the transfer to the Jersey company should be disregarded, as it had no commercial purpose beyond tax avoidance.
- The transaction was treated as a direct sale from the original shareholders to the ultimate purchaser.
- The taxpayers were held liable for capital gains tax on the basis of the true substance of the transaction.
- The judgment extended and clarified the Ramsay principle, focusing on the commercial purpose of transaction steps.

## Legal Principles

- The Ramsay principle allows courts to disregard steps inserted solely for tax avoidance that lack commercial or business purpose.
- Assessing the substance of a transaction as a whole takes precedence over a strict step-by-step legal analysis when artificial steps are identified.
- Every step in a transaction does not require an independent commercial purpose, but artificial arrangements serving only a tax avoidance function may be ignored.
- Establishing genuine commercial reasons for steps in complex transactions helps avoid the application of the Ramsay principle.

## Conclusion

Furniss v Dawson significantly advanced the Ramsay principle, enabling courts to ignore artificially inserted steps in tax avoidance schemes that lack commercial purpose, thus ensuring tax liability is determined by the true substance of transactions rather than their artificial legal form.

Furniss v Dawson [1984] STC 153 (HL)