## Facts

- The case concerned the compatibility of national procedural rules with EU law, focusing on whether such rules could impede the effective protection of rights conferred by EU law.
- Grundig Italiana challenged national court procedures, prompting the CJEU to clarify the boundaries of Member States’ procedural autonomy in the context of EU law enforcement.
- The proceedings addressed issues such as time limits for bringing claims and the burden of proof, examining whether national measures hindered the exercise of EU rights.

## Issues

1. Whether Member States may retain full autonomy over their judicial procedural rules when such rules affect the enforcement of EU law rights.
2. Whether national procedural rules that render EU law rights practically impossible or excessively difficult to exercise are compatible with EU law.
3. What test should be used to determine the compatibility of national procedural rules with the principle of effectiveness under EU law.

## Decision

- The CJEU held that national procedural autonomy is not absolute; it is subject to the overriding requirement that national rules must not hinder the effectiveness of EU law.
- The Court articulated a two-pronged test: national rules must not render the exercise of EU law rights practically impossible or excessively difficult.
- It was found that excessively short limitation periods and disproportionately onerous burdens of proof may violate the principle of effectiveness.
- The Court emphasized the need to strike a balance between respecting national procedural diversity and ensuring effective protection of EU law rights.

## Legal Principles

- National procedural autonomy allows Member States to set rules for their courts but is limited by the requirements of EU law.
- The principle of effectiveness requires that national rules do not thwart or impede the practical and effective enforcement of EU law rights.
- The “practical impossibility” and “excessive difficulty” test provides the standard for assessing the compatibility of national procedural rules with EU law.
- CJEU jurisprudence consistently seeks to balance legitimate national interests with the imperative of effective judicial protection of EU-derived rights.

## Conclusion

The Grundig Italiana judgment established that while Member States maintain procedural sovereignty, their rules must not undermine the enforcement of EU law rights, with the CJEU’s established test ensuring effective protection and a balanced relationship between national and EU legal orders.

Grundig Italiana SpA v Ministero delle Finanze (Case C-255/00) [2002] ECR I-8003