Task 1 (Academic) visuals - Maps and making comparisons

Learning Outcomes

After reading this article, you will be able to produce clear descriptions of maps in Academic Task 1, explain and compare changes over time, accurately use language for comparison, and identify important map features for IELTS. You will also gain strategies to describe locations and distinguish between general trends and specific details using concise academic English.

IELTS Academic, General & UKVI Syllabus

For IELTS, you are required to understand how to describe and compare information shown in maps or plans in Task 1. For revision, focus on the following syllabus points:

• Identify and summarize the main changes and developments shown on maps.
• Compare areas before and after alterations, using suitable language for comparisons.
• Describe locations and movements on a map using precise prepositions and direction phrases.
• Use clear structure and sequencing when writing about map features over time.
• Distinguish between general trends (e.g., urbanization) and specific local changes.
• Be able to compare developments between two or more areas or periods.

Test Your Knowledge

Attempt these questions before reading this article. If you find some difficult or cannot remember the answers, remember to look more closely at that area during your revision.

1. What are two strategies for identifying the main differences between maps shown before and after changes?
2. Which structures can be used to compare locations or developments on a map?
3. When describing changes over a period, what tense is usually used in Task 1?
4. True or false: In IELTS Academic Task 1, it is recommended to list every single detail visible on the maps.

Introduction

Maps in Academic Task 1 often require you to compare two time periods or plan layouts. You are expected to select and describe the most important changes, use appropriate comparative language, and express locations clearly. Your writing should be structured, summarizing key differences and trends, not simply listing features.

Key Term: Map Comparison
Using language and structures to highlight differences and similarities between two or more maps, focusing on what has changed or stayed the same.

Key Term: Location Language
The use of precise prepositions and reference phrases to describe the position of features on a map, such as "north of," "beside," "at the corner of," or "opposite."

Key Term: Sequencing
The method of logically ordering your description, often using phrases like "First," "Next," "Afterwards," or "Over the 20-year period."

What Are IELTS Map Questions?

IELTS Academic Task 1 map visuals typically present two maps or diagrams of the same place at different times. You may see plans of towns, neighborhoods, or public spaces before and after development. Your answer must highlight significant changes, compare developments, and describe any patterns, using clear comparative and locational language.

How to Approach Map Descriptions

Successful map answers require:

1. Identifying general trends (urbanization, land-use changes).
2. Selecting a few major and minor changes.
3. Describing changes in location, function, or appearance.
4. Comparing features using correct comparative forms and sequencing.

Key Term: General Trend
A broad or overall direction of changes visible on a map, such as increased residential development or loss of green space.

Describing Changes and Making Comparisons

Maps usually show how a place has changed over time. For example, a rural town may become more urbanized, with new roads, buildings, or public amenities. When describing these, do not simply list the changes. Instead, compare before and after:

• What was added, removed, relocated, or expanded?
• Which areas experienced the most change?
• Were any features unchanged?

Use comparative structures:

• "The residential area was expanded into the northern part of the town, replacing farmland."
• "In contrast, the school remained in the same position."
• "The most significant change was the demolition of the factory."

Using Language for Location

Describing location is critical for clarity. Use precise prepositions and reference points:

• "To the north of the river…"
• "Adjacent to the main road…"
• "In the southeastern corner…"
• "Opposite the old hospital…"

This helps ensure your description is accurate, especially when comparing two maps.

Describing Sequence and Time

When explaining how an area changed over several years, sequence changes logically. Common sequencing words include:

• "Initially,"
• "Subsequently,"
• "By 2010,"
• "Following this development,"

Key Term: Passive Structure
In formal descriptions, processes and changes are often expressed with the passive voice, such as "A factory was built" or "The trees were cut down."

Differences Between General and Specific Statements

A well-written Task 1 answer starts with a general overview, then includes some details. For example:

• General: "Overall, the town became more urban and less green."
• Specific: "A sports center was constructed on the site of the former park."

Comparing and Contrasting Map Features

When two places or periods share features, use linking structures:

• "Both areas retained their public parks."
• "While the north side saw significant development, the south remained largely unchanged."
• "Unlike the previous map, the new plan includes a bus terminal."

Key Term: Contrasting Expression
Phrases that highlight the difference between two features or periods, such as "In contrast," "whereas," or "on the other hand."

Worked Example 1.1

The maps below show Sunnyville in 2000 and 2020.

In 2000, Sunnyville was a small village with scattered houses, a school to the east, farmland to the west, and a forested area to the north. By 2020, Sunnyville had grown. Most of the farmland was replaced by residential housing, the school was doubled in size, and a new shopping center appeared south of the original road. The northern forest was partly cleared for a car park, while a cycling path was introduced throughout the area. Some green space remained, but it was reduced in size.

Question:
Summarize the main changes and make comparisons where relevant.

Answer:
Overall, Sunnyville changed from a rural community into a more residential town over this period. The most notable development was the replacement of farmland by new homes. The original school in the east was expanded, while a new shopping center was constructed. The forested area in the north was reduced to make space for a car park and cycle path, but some green land still remains. The transformation reflects both population growth and increased infrastructure.

Worked Example 1.2

The two maps below show the layout of Central Gardens in 1995 and today.

In 1995, Central Gardens was divided into two large lawns, with a fountain in the middle and rose beds in each corner. There were walking paths around the lawns and a single entrance in the south. Now, the lawns have been replaced by a playground and café, and a water feature has replaced the fountain. The rose beds remain, but seating areas have been added between them, with new entrances in the north and west.

Question:
Describe how the garden has changed and compare locations of the main features.

Answer:
Central Gardens has shifted from a mainly open green space to a more developed recreational park. The former lawns have been replaced with a playground and café, while the central fountain has become a water feature. The addition of entrances and seating areas increases access and comfort, while rose beds remain as decorative elements. The main difference is the transformation from an open green area to a park with more amenities and entry points.

Exam Warning

A common mistake is to describe every single change or to list small details. Focus on the most significant changes and trends. Avoid repeating descriptive language and always include clear comparisons, not just isolated facts.

Revision Tip

When planning your answer, make brief notes about the biggest changes first, then fill in one or two specific examples as supporting evidence. Always include an introductory general statement.

Summary

When describing maps for IELTS, always start with a general comparison, then pick out major differences and only a few specific details. Use precise language for location and comparison. Focus on expressing how changes altered the area as a whole and use accurate sequencing words to organize your answer.

Key Point Checklist

This article has covered the following key knowledge points:

• Describe IELTS maps by focusing on important changes and general trends.
• Use appropriate comparative language and location prepositions.
• Explain changes over time using past tenses and passive voice.
• Sequence descriptions logically, starting from general to specific.
• Avoid listing too many small details; prioritize major developments.
• Use contrasting structures and comparative expressions for clarity.

Key Terms and Concepts

• Map Comparison
• Location Language
• Sequencing
• General Trend
• Passive Structure
• Contrasting Expression