## Facts

- Lori Marie Jones sought treatment for back problems from an orthopedic surgeon, who recommended lumbar spine surgery and suggested performing it at Healthsouth Treasure Valley Hospital (TVH) rather than another hospital.
- TVH functioned as a surgical facility rather than a full-service hospital; Lori and her husband visited TVH and chose to have the surgery there.
- The surgeon ordered intraoperative blood salvage using a cell saver machine and requested that B & B Autotransfusion Services, Inc. provide the machine and a technician.
- Under the contract between TVH and B & B, TVH provided storage space and certain supplies, while B & B provided the cell saver technician and disposable items.
- During surgery, B & B technician Jeri Kurtz operated the cell saver system and Lori received reinfused blood.
- Lori suffered a fatal air embolism, allegedly caused when a pressure cuff was applied to a reinfusion bag despite a warning not to pressurize it.
- Lori’s husband (individually and for their minor children) and her parents filed wrongful death and medical malpractice claims, alleging TVH was vicariously liable under apparent agency for negligence by independent personnel, including the cell saver technician.

## Issues

1. Whether Idaho law permits a hospital to be held vicariously liable under apparent authority for the negligence of independent personnel assigned by the hospital to provide support services.
2. Whether, given the applicable apparent-authority doctrine, summary judgment for the hospital on vicarious liability was proper.
3. Whether the trial court erred in denying the hospital discretionary costs (raised by cross-appeal).

## Decision

- The Idaho Supreme Court held that a hospital may be found vicariously liable under Idaho’s doctrine of apparent authority for the negligence of independent personnel assigned by the hospital to perform support services.
- The court reversed the summary judgment entered for TVH and remanded for the trial court to determine whether plaintiffs produced sufficient evidence of apparent agency to survive summary judgment.
- The court declined to address TVH’s cross-appeal regarding discretionary costs in light of the reversal and remand.

## Legal Principles

- Apparent authority can support vicarious liability in tort when the principal’s manifestations would cause a reasonable person to believe an agency relationship exists and the tort occurs within the scope of that apparent authority.
- In the hospital context, apparent authority is not limited to hospital-physician relationships; it may apply to other personnel, including support-service providers, depending on the hospital’s conduct and the reasonableness of the patient’s belief.
- The relevant inquiry focuses on the hospital’s manifestations to the patient and whether those manifestations create a reasonable belief of agency, rather than on the worker’s formal status as an employee or independent contractor.
- Recognizing apparent-authority vicarious liability for hospital-assigned independent personnel does not alter malpractice elements or create a new cause of action; it is an attribution-of-liability doctrine once negligence is otherwise established.

## Conclusion

The court recognized that Idaho’s apparent-authority doctrine can make a hospital vicariously liable for negligent acts of independently contracted support-service personnel the hospital assigns, reversed summary judgment for the hospital, and remanded for an evidentiary determination on whether the hospital’s conduct created a reasonable belief of agency.


Jones v. Healthsouth Treasure Valley Hosp., 147 Idaho 109, 206 P.3d 473 (Idaho 2009)