Facts
- A charterparty agreement was made between Laemthong International Lines Co Ltd (owners of the vessel “Laemthong Glory”) and charterers, containing an arbitration clause.
- The charterparty specified that all bills of lading issued under it would incorporate its terms, including the arbitration agreement.
- Mr. Artis, trading as Artis Maritime, subsequently became holder of bills of lading and thereby a party to the contract of carriage governed by those terms.
- A dispute arose concerning the carriage of goods, leading Mr. Artis to seek to enforce the arbitration clause against Laemthong International Lines.
Issues
- Whether a third party, specifically the named holder of bills of lading, could enforce an arbitration clause under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999.
- Whether the requirements of Section 1(1)(b) and Section 1(3) of the 1999 Act were satisfied by the naming and terms of the contract.
- Whether Section 8 of the Arbitration Act 1999 applied to permit a stay of court proceedings in favour of arbitration at the instance of such a third party.
Decision
- The Court of Appeal held that Mr. Artis, as a clearly named third-party beneficiary under the bills of lading, could enforce the arbitration agreement within the charterparty under the 1999 Act.
- The court found that the contract’s language directly named Mr. Artis, fulfilling Section 1(3), and that it was intended to benefit him, fulfilling Section 1(1)(b).
- It was confirmed that an eligible third party could also make use of Section 8 of the Arbitration Act 1999 to stay court proceedings in favour of arbitration.
- The judgment established the enforceability of arbitration agreements by named third-party beneficiaries in accordance with the statutory requirements.
Legal Principles
- Under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999, a clearly named third-party beneficiary can enforce contract terms made for their benefit, including arbitration clauses.
- Section 1(1)(b) and Section 1(3) require express or clear identification and intended benefit within the contract for third-party enforcement rights.
- Section 8 of the Arbitration Act 1999 allows courts to stay court proceedings on the application of a party able to enforce an arbitration agreement, including a qualifying third party.
- Precise contractual drafting—specifying beneficiary identity and benefit—is essential for enforceability of third-party arbitration rights.
Conclusion
By determining that named third-party beneficiaries can enforce arbitration clauses under the 1999 Act, the Court of Appeal in Laemthong International Lines v Artis provided clarity and practical guidance on third-party rights in commercial contracts, emphasising the necessity of clear language and direct naming to secure such enforceability.