## Facts

- On November 26, 2004, a large pine tree fell across Mississippi Highway 26 in George County.
- Floyd K. Little, Roger D. Pierce, and Kelly Sykes drove separate vehicles into the fallen tree area in succession: Little collided with the tree, Pierce collided from the opposite direction, and Sykes collided with the rear of Pierce’s vehicle.
- All three motorists suffered property damage; Little and Pierce also suffered personal injuries.
- The motorists sued the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) under the Mississippi Tort Claims Act (MTCA).
- The complaint alleged MDOT negligently failed to (1) maintain, repair, and inspect the highway, (2) remove dead or dangerous trees near the roadway, and (3) patrol for and remove the leaning tree before it fell.

## Issues

1. Whether the plaintiffs’ allegations were barred at the pleading stage by MTCA discretionary-function immunity.
2. Whether a Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal was proper where the complaint did not conclusively establish that MDOT’s challenged conduct was discretionary and immune.

## Decision

- The Mississippi Supreme Court reversed the circuit court’s Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal and the intermediate appellate affirmance.
- The court held that dismissal was improper because discretionary-function immunity could not be resolved in MDOT’s favor solely from the face of the complaint.
- The case was remanded for further proceedings.

## Legal Principles

- A Rule 12(b)(6) motion tests the legal sufficiency of the complaint; courts accept well-pleaded allegations as true and do not decide the merits at the pleading stage.
- MTCA discretionary-function immunity is not established merely by labeling a broad category of agency activity (e.g., right-of-way maintenance) as discretionary; the inquiry focuses on the specific conduct alleged.
- When the complaint does not on its face demonstrate entitlement to discretionary-function immunity, dismissal is premature and factual development may be required before immunity can be determined.

## Conclusion

The Mississippi Supreme Court reinstated the motorists’ MTCA negligence claims against MDOT, ruling that discretionary-function immunity was not conclusively shown by the pleadings and that the case should proceed for further factual development.


Little v. Mississippi Dep’t of Transp., 129 So. 3d 132 (Miss. 2013)