## Facts

- Matrix-Securities Ltd engaged in a series of transactions involving the purchase and sale of government bonds.
- The company sought advance confirmation from the Inland Revenue regarding the tax consequences of its proposed plan.
- The Revenue reviewed the information provided and issued a clearance, stating that the transactions would not confer a tax benefit.
- Subsequent review revealed that Matrix-Securities Ltd had omitted material facts from its initial clearance application.
- These omissions altered the tax outcome of the transactions.
- Relying on the incomplete and incorrect information, the Revenue withdrew its initial approval.

## Issues

1. Whether the Inland Revenue has the authority to withdraw a previously granted clearance ruling if material facts were omitted or misstated in the application.
2. To what extent a taxpayer can rely on a clearance ruling as giving rise to a legitimate expectation, particularly if all relevant facts were not disclosed.
3. Whether a clearance ruling constitutes a binding agreement between the taxpayer and the Revenue.

## Decision

- The House of Lords upheld the Revenue’s right to withdraw its approval if key facts in the clearance application were incorrect or incomplete.
- The court determined that the Revenue’s clearance was valid only for the specific transaction as described in the application; any omission or misstatement removed the validity of the ruling.
- It was held that taxpayers have a duty of full transparency and must disclose all relevant details when seeking advance rulings.
- The House of Lords clarified that a clearance ruling is not a binding agreement, but a statement of the Revenue’s view based on the facts provided by the applicant.
- The court rejected the taxpayer’s claim of legitimate expectation, noting this can only arise where the taxpayer has fully and accurately disclosed all relevant facts.

## Legal Principles

- Clearance rulings from tax authorities are conditional on full and accurate disclosure by the taxpayer.
- The principle of legitimate expectation does not apply where a taxpayer has omitted or misstated material information in seeking a ruling.
- Clearance rulings are not binding contracts but reflect the Revenue’s position based on the supplied facts.
- Full openness and transparency are required in interactions between taxpayers and the Revenue; incomplete disclosure may invalidate a ruling and lead to penalties.
- The case establishes important standards for judicial review and interpretation in taxpayer-Revenue interactions.

## Conclusion

The decision in Matrix-Securities Ltd v IRC confirmed that clearance rulings from the Inland Revenue depend upon complete and truthful disclosure by the taxpayer. Failure to provide accurate information removes any legal protection or legitimate expectation arising from such a ruling and highlights the necessity of transparency in dealings with tax authorities.

Matrix-Securities Ltd v IRC [1994] STC 272