## Facts

- Richard Doggett and others created the American Benefits Group Program (ABG Program), through which viatical settlement contracts were sold to investors.
- Plaintiffs (investors and related market participants) alleged Doggett fraudulently sold ABG viatical contracts and obtained substantial proceeds from those sales.
- Plaintiffs presented evidence that Doggett set up and used domestic and foreign entities—including corporations and trusts—to conceal and dissipate the fraud proceeds through a series of transactions.
- One such entity was the Iglesias Family Trust (IFT), which plaintiffs described as part of a scheme to conceal ABG-related funds.
- Plaintiffs traced $137,000, derived from ABG sales proceeds, into the IFT’s purchase of a condominium.
- Doggett resided in the condominium acquired by the IFT.
- Plaintiffs sued and sought equitable remedies against the IFT, including a constructive trust over property acquired with fraud proceeds.
- Plaintiffs moved for summary judgment against Doggett and the IFT; after the motion was filed, Doggett filed for bankruptcy, staying the case as to him.
- The IFT received multiple extensions to respond to the summary-judgment motion but ultimately filed no response and submitted no contrary evidence.

## Issues

1. Whether, on an undisputed record, the court should grant summary judgment imposing a constructive trust and equitable lien on a condominium titled to the Iglesias Family Trust when the purchase funds were traced to proceeds of the ABG Program fraud.
2. Whether equity also permitted ordering an accounting of the Trust’s finances and entering a permanent injunction preventing transfer or encumbrance of assets derived from or traceable to ABG Program proceeds.

## Decision

- The court (D. Colo.) granted plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment against the Iglesias Family Trust.
- The court imposed a constructive trust on the condominium purchased with the $137,000 traced to ABG Program proceeds.
- The court imposed an equitable lien on the condominium in plaintiffs’ favor.
- The court ordered the Trust to provide an accounting to identify income, disbursements, assets, and liabilities and to locate any additional assets derived from or traceable to the ABG Program proceeds.
- The court entered a permanent injunction barring the Trust and associated persons from transferring, selling, encumbering, impairing, or otherwise disposing of assets derived from or traceable to ABG Program viatical-contract sales.
- Proceedings against Doggett individually remained stayed due to his bankruptcy filing.

## Legal Principles

- Summary judgment is proper when there is no genuine dispute of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law; the nonmovant must come forward with specific facts showing a triable issue and may not rest on pleadings alone.
- Even when a summary-judgment motion is unopposed, the court must still determine whether the movant’s evidence shows entitlement to judgment as a matter of law on the claims and remedies requested.
- A constructive trust is an equitable remedy used to compel a person or entity that unfairly holds a property interest to convey that interest to the party who, in fairness, should receive it.
- Under Colorado equitable doctrine applied by the court, unjust enrichment and wrongful acquisition (including acquisition through fraud proceeds) can justify a constructive trust when the claimant can trace the wrongful funds into specific property or identifiable proceeds.
- A transferee’s ability to resist equitable relief may depend on showing bona fide purchaser status or legitimate value given for the asset; absent such proof, equity may treat the asset as held for the benefit of those harmed by the wrongdoing.
- An equitable lien may be imposed to secure repayment where wrongful funds were used to acquire a specific asset, giving the claimant an enforceable security interest in that property.
- Courts may grant ancillary equitable relief—such as an accounting and injunctive restrictions on disposition of traceable assets—when necessary to prevent dissipation and to make the constructive trust or lien effective.

## Conclusion

On an undisputed record showing that $137,000 in ABG Program fraud proceeds was traced into the Iglesias Family Trust’s purchase of a condominium in which Doggett lived, the District of Colorado granted summary judgment against the Trust and ordered equitable relief: a constructive trust and equitable lien on the condominium, an accounting to identify other traceable assets, and a permanent injunction preventing further transfers or encumbrances of assets derived from or traceable to the ABG fraud, while the case against Doggett remained stayed due to bankruptcy.


Paoloni v. Goldstein, 331 F. Supp. 2d 1310 (2004)