## Facts

- The Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railway Company shipped used railroad brass from Chicago to its Danville, Illinois shops, where it was received and kept in the railroad’s exclusive possession on its premises.
- A shipment arriving November 2, 1940 remained on the railroad’s track near the storeroom and was not fully unloaded until November 8, 1940.
- On November 5, 1940, Noah D. Rife, a junkyard operator near Danville, bought about 187 pounds of railroad brass from Henry Brandon, a young boy.
- Brandon claimed the brass came from a man named “John” who supposedly worked for another railroad; Rife made no meaningful effort to verify the source.
- Law enforcement had previously and repeatedly warned Rife to watch for stolen railroad brass and to notify authorities if anyone tried to sell it to him.
- Brass was found on Rife’s premises; additional brass was discovered buried in a slack (coal refuse) pile near the yard, supporting an inference of concealment.
- Rife testified he was not suspicious and believed Brandon’s assurance the brass was not stolen.
- Rife’s wife, a co-defendant who was acquitted, testified she told Rife the brass was stolen, contradicting his claim of innocent purchase.
- After conviction, Rife sought a new trial based on newly discovered evidence; the trial court denied the motion.

## Issues

1. Whether the evidence was sufficient to prove the brass recovered from Rife was stolen property belonging to the railroad.
2. Whether the evidence was sufficient to prove Rife knew the brass was stolen when he received and concealed it.
3. Whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying a new trial based on newly discovered evidence.
4. Whether claimed errors in instructions, cross-examination, and evidentiary rulings required reversal.

## Decision

- The Illinois Supreme Court affirmed the conviction for receiving and concealing stolen property.
- The court held the evidence supported that the brass was the railroad’s property and had been stolen from its exclusive possession.
- The court held the jury could infer Rife’s knowledge from circumstantial evidence, including prior warnings, the nature and quantity of the brass, the suspicious source, contradictory testimony, and concealment.
- The court held denial of a new trial based on newly discovered evidence was within the trial court’s discretion because the proffer was largely cumulative or impeaching and not likely to change the result.
- The court found no reversible error in the challenged instructions, cross-examination, or evidentiary rulings.

## Legal Principles

- The stolen character of property may be shown through proof of ownership and prior exclusive possession by another, followed by disappearance under circumstances consistent with theft.
- Knowledge that property is stolen need not be proved by direct evidence; it may be inferred from circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to believe the goods were stolen.
- Concealment or evasive conduct regarding the goods may support an inference of consciousness of guilt and thus knowledge.
- A new-trial motion based on newly discovered evidence is committed to the trial court’s discretion and generally requires material, non-cumulative evidence, diligence before trial, and a probability of changing the outcome.
- On review, credibility conflicts are for the jury, and a conviction will not be disturbed unless the evidence leaves a reasonable doubt of guilt.

## Conclusion

The court sustained Rife’s conviction because the State proved the brass was stolen from the railroad’s exclusive possession and the jury could reasonably infer Rife’s knowledge from the suspicious purchase, prior warnings, contradictory testimony, and concealment; the asserted newly discovered evidence and other claimed trial errors did not warrant a new trial or reversal.


People v. Rife, 382 Ill. 588, 48 N.E.2d 367 (Ill. 1943)