R v Sadique [2013] EWCA Crim 1150

Facts

  • The Serious Crime Act 2007 redefined liability for assisting or encouraging crime through Sections 45 and 46.
  • In R v Sadique, the defendant supplied agents used to dilute drugs, with the awareness these could be used for processing illegal substances.
  • It was uncertain which specific drug offences would be committed, but the defendant knew the agents would be used for illicit purposes.
  • The case required consideration of whether knowledge of the precise offence was needed for liability under Section 46.

Issues

  1. Whether Section 46 of the Serious Crime Act 2007 requires proof that the defendant knew exactly which offence from a category would be committed.
  2. How the mental state requirements differ between Section 45 (specific offence) and Section 46 (potential multiple offences).
  3. The extent to which general awareness and intention to assist crime are sufficient for conviction under these provisions.

Decision

  • The Court of Appeal held that under Section 46, it is not necessary to prove the defendant knew exactly which offence would be committed from within a category.
  • It was sufficient that the defendant was aware their actions would assist drug offences generally.
  • The court clarified that Section 46 focuses on the defendant’s awareness their conduct might assist crime, rather than precise identification of the offence.
  • The decision highlighted the broader applicability of Section 46 compared to Section 45.
  • Section 45 applies when a defendant expects and intends to enable a specific offence.
  • Section 46 extends liability to situations where a defendant considers one of a category of offences might be committed and acts with intent to assist.
  • Under Section 46, general awareness of how actions could assist crime, rather than specific knowledge of the exact offence, suffices for liability.
  • The mental state required is intent to assist, not motive or desire for the offence's commission.

Conclusion

R v Sadique clarified that under the Serious Crime Act 2007, liability for assisting crime can arise from general awareness that actions might enable offences, not just from specific knowledge of intended crimes. Sections 45 and 46 offer distinct but supplementary methods for prosecuting those who assist criminal conduct, with Section 46 allowing broader application where offenders facilitate categories of crime without knowing precise details.

The answers, solutions, explanations, and written content provided on this page represent PastPaperHero's interpretation of academic material and potential responses to given questions. These are not guaranteed to be the only correct or definitive answers or explanations. Alternative valid responses, interpretations, or approaches may exist. If you believe any content is incorrect, outdated, or could be improved, please get in touch with us and we will review and make necessary amendments if we deem it appropriate. As per our terms and conditions, PastPaperHero shall not be held liable or responsible for any consequences arising. This includes, but is not limited to, incorrect answers in assignments, exams, or any form of testing administered by educational institutions or examination boards, as well as any misunderstandings or misapplications of concepts explained in our written content. Users are responsible for verifying that the methods, procedures, and explanations presented align with those taught in their respective educational settings and with current academic standards. While we strive to provide high-quality, accurate, and up-to-date content, PastPaperHero does not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of our written explanations, nor any specific outcomes in academic understanding or testing, whether formal or informal.
No resources available.

Job & Test Prep on a Budget

Compare PastPaperHero's subscription offering to the wider market

PastPaperHero
Monthly Plan
$10
Assessment Day
One-time Fee
$20-39
Job Test Prep
One-time Fee
$90-350

Note the above prices are approximate and based on prices listed on the respective websites as of May 2025. Prices may vary based on location, currency exchange rates, and other factors.

Get unlimited access to thousands of practice questions, flashcards, and detailed explanations. Save over 90% compared to one-time courses while maintaining the flexibility to learn at your own pace.

All-in-one Learning Platform

Everything you need to master your assessments and job tests in one place

  • Comprehensive Content

    Access thousands of fully explained questions and cases across multiple subjects

  • Visual Learning

    Understand complex concepts with intuitive diagrams and flowcharts

  • Focused Practice

    Prepare for assessments with targeted practice materials and expert guidance

  • Personalized Learning

    Track your progress and focus on areas where you need improvement

  • Affordable Access

    Get quality educational resources at a fraction of traditional costs

Tell Us What You Think

Help us improve our resources by sharing your experience

Pleased to share that I have successfully passed the SQE1 exam on 1st attempt. With SQE2 exempted, I’m now one step closer to getting enrolled as a Solicitor of England and Wales! Would like to thank my seniors, colleagues, mentors and friends for all the support during this grueling journey. This is one of the most difficult bar exams in the world to undertake, especially alongside a full time job! So happy to help out any aspirant who may be reading this message! I had prepared from the University of Law SQE Manuals and the AI powered MCQ bank from PastPaperHero.

Saptarshi Chatterjee

Saptarshi Chatterjee

Senior Associate at Trilegal