Re Produce Marketing Consortium Ltd [1989] BCLC 520

Facts

• The case concerned the duties of directors in circumstances where a company is insolvent or approaching insolvency.
• It addressed the legal position when a company was experiencing financial distress, ongoing trading losses, inability to meet financial obligations, or reliance on external funding.
• The judgment highlighted the shift from prioritising shareholder interests to focusing on creditor interests as a company's financial state worsens.
• Directors' management of company affairs during this "twilight zone" of financial distress was central to the case.

Issues

1. When does the duty of directors to consider the interests of creditors arise?
2. How should directors define and identify the point at which a company is "near insolvency"?
3. What are the consequences for directors who fail to consider creditor interests during severe financial difficulty?

Decision

• The court held that the duty to consider creditors' interests arises when a company becomes insolvent or is on the verge of insolvency.
• Directors cannot prioritise shareholders’ interests over creditors’ interests once insolvency or near-insolvency is apparent.
• Directors must thoroughly review transactions and company decisions during financial distress to avoid prejudice to creditor claims.
• Directors may face personal liability if their failure to observe these duties causes loss to creditors.

Legal Principles

• Directors’ duties shift toward the interests of creditors as soon as insolvency or near insolvency is impending.
• No fixed definition of "near insolvency" exists; several indicators—including trading losses and inability to meet obligations—are relevant.
• Directors must undertake an objective assessment of the company’s financial status, considering both current and future cash flows.
• Failure to consider creditor interests may expose directors to personal liability, especially regarding wrongful trading under later legislation (Section 214 of the Insolvency Act 1986).
• The case established a foundational precedent followed and developed by later insolvency decisions.

Conclusion

Re Produce Marketing Consortium Ltd [1989] BCLC 520 established that directors must consider the interests of creditors once a company is insolvent or nearly insolvent, with personal liability possible for disregard of these duties, providing essential guidance on directors' responsibilities during financial distress.