## Facts

- Jena Rougeau was an emergency medical technician (EMT) transporting a patient through the emergency room at Beauregard Memorial Hospital (BMH).
- During the transfer, an emergency-room nurse, David Harless, accidentally collided with Rougeau during the stretcher movement in the emergency-room area.
- Rougeau immediately reported intense right-shoulder pain and sought medical care soon after the incident.
- Rougeau later received a diagnosis of a torn right-shoulder labrum and underwent extended treatment.
- Rougeau sued Hospital Service District No. 2 of Beauregard Parish and West Louisiana Health Services, Inc. d/b/a Beauregard Memorial Hospital (collectively, BMH), seeking to hold BMH liable for Harless’s negligence under respondeat superior.
- At trial, evidence supported the jury’s finding that Harless was negligent, but the jury found that the negligence was not a cause in fact of Rougeau’s labral tear; the trial court entered judgment for BMH based on that verdict.
- Rougeau moved for judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV). In ruling on the motion, the trial judge considered emergency-room video footage corroborating Rougeau’s account and unrefuted testimony from Rougeau’s treating physician linking her immediate post-incident symptoms and treatment course to the incident.
- The trial court granted JNOV for Rougeau, overturned the jury’s no-causation finding, and awarded damages.
- BMH appealed to the Louisiana Court of Appeal, Third Circuit.

## Issues

1. Whether the trial court properly granted JNOV by overturning the jury’s finding that the nurse’s negligence was not a cause in fact of Rougeau’s torn shoulder labrum.
2. Whether the damages awarded after the JNOV were supported by the record and within the trial court’s discretion.

## Decision

- The court of appeal affirmed the JNOV, concluding that the evidence on causation so strongly favored Rougeau that reasonable jurors could not have found the nurse’s negligence was not a cause in fact of her shoulder injury.
- The court relied on the contemporaneous onset of pain, the emergency-room video confirming the occurrence, and the treating physician’s uncontradicted testimony connecting Rougeau’s symptoms and treatment to the incident.
- The court of appeal affirmed the damage award, finding no abuse of discretion in the amounts awarded.

## Legal Principles

- A JNOV is proper only when, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion, the facts and reasonable inferences point so strongly in favor of the mover that reasonable persons could not reach a contrary verdict.
- On appeal, a court reviews the grant of JNOV under the same standard used by the trial court, without reweighing evidence where reasonable factfinders could differ.
- In a negligence action, causation requires proof that the defendant’s fault was a cause in fact of the plaintiff’s injury; a verdict rejecting causation cannot stand when the record leaves no reasonable basis for that conclusion.
- When a trial court’s liability determination is sustained, a general and special damages award is reviewed under an abuse-of-discretion standard.

## Conclusion

The Louisiana Third Circuit affirmed a trial court’s JNOV that set aside a jury’s finding of negligence without causation, holding that video evidence, immediate symptoms, and unrefuted treating-physician testimony left no reasonable basis to conclude the nurse’s negligent collision did not cause Rougeau’s labral tear, and it also affirmed the resulting damages as within the trial court’s discretion.


Rougeau v. Hospital Service District, 368 So. 3d 1196 (2023)