## Facts

- Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. sought to disqualify the law firm Van Steenberg, Chaloupka, Mullin, Holyoke, Pahlke, Smith, Snyder & Hofmeister, P.C. (Van Steenberg) from representing Debra Holden in a personal-injury suit against Wal-Mart.
- Earlier, attorney Steve Smith, a lawyer at Van Steenberg, had defended Wal-Mart in four personal-injury matters arising from incidents at the Scottsbluff, Nebraska Wal-Mart store.
- One of those prior matters (the Pottorff case) involved a customer who alleged she slipped and fell on the store’s interior floor.
- During the Pottorff representation, Smith had access to Wal-Mart’s property, staff, manuals, and other information connected to store operations and defense of the claim.
- Around the same time as the Pottorff litigation, Holden allegedly fell in the store’s parking lot and claimed Wal-Mart negligently failed to maintain and/or warn of a hole in the parking lot.
- About two years after the Pottorff matter concluded, Tylor J. Petitt, another attorney at Van Steenberg, appeared for Holden in her action against Wal-Mart.
- Both Holden and Pottorff alleged negligence and failure to warn; Wal-Mart asserted defenses including contributory negligence and assumption of the risk.
- Wal-Mart moved in the district court (Judge Alfred J. Kortum) to disqualify Van Steenberg; the court denied the motion.
- Wal-Mart then filed an original action in the Nebraska Supreme Court seeking a peremptory writ of mandamus directing the district court to vacate the disqualification denial and disqualify Van Steenberg.
- The Nebraska Supreme Court appointed a special master to take evidence and recommend findings. The special master found Smith had received no confidential information in the earlier Wal-Mart matters, but still recommended disqualification because the link between the matters was close enough to create an appearance of impropriety.

## Issues

1. Whether Wal-Mart was entitled to a peremptory writ of mandamus ordering disqualification of Van Steenberg in Holden’s suit based on the firm’s prior representation of Wal-Mart in other injury cases at the same store.
2. Whether the prior representations (including Pottorff’s interior slip-and-fall case) and Holden’s parking-lot hole case were “substantially related” such that there was a genuine threat the firm could use Wal-Mart’s confidential information against it.
3. Whether an appearance of impropriety, standing alone, justified disqualification through mandamus when the evidence showed no confidential information had been obtained.

## Decision

- The Nebraska Supreme Court denied the request for a peremptory writ of mandamus.
- The court held that Van Steenberg’s earlier representation of Wal-Mart was not substantially related to Holden’s case because the factual and legal issues were not so similar as to create a genuine threat that the firm had obtained confidential information that could be used against Wal-Mart.
- The court declined to order disqualification based only on an appearance of impropriety when the required substantial-relationship showing was not met.
- The district court’s order denying Wal-Mart’s motion to disqualify remained in effect.

## Legal Principles

- In successive-representation conflicts, disqualification turns on whether the prior and current matters are “substantially related.”
- Matters are substantially related only when their factual and legal similarities create a genuine threat that counsel received confidential information in the earlier representation that could be used against the former client in the later case.
- General similarities—such as the same corporate client, the same store location, and similar negligence allegations—do not alone establish a substantial relationship.
- Mandamus is an extraordinary remedy and requires a clear legal right and a clear duty; it is not used to correct ordinary trial-court error absent that clear duty.
- An appearance of impropriety, without the substantial-relationship showing tied to a genuine threat of using confidential information, does not support mandamus relief ordering disqualification.

## Conclusion

Because Wal-Mart did not show that Van Steenberg’s earlier defense of Wal-Mart in other Scottsbluff store injury cases was substantially related to Holden’s parking-lot claim in a way that created a genuine threat of adverse use of confidential information, Wal-Mart lacked a clear legal right to disqualification, and the Nebraska Supreme Court therefore denied mandamus.


State Ex Rel. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Kortum, 559 N.W.2d 496 (1997)