## **Learning Outcomes**

After studying this article, you will be able to recognize the typical structure of TOEFL Academic Discussion prompts, understand the expected features of participation, and construct relevant, well-supported responses in line with exam criteria. You will also identify key terms used in these prompts and avoid common errors in your replies.

## **TOEFL iBT Syllabus**

For TOEFL, you are required to understand the format and task requirements for the Writing for an Academic Discussion prompt. For revision, focus on these syllabus points:

- Recognize and interpret the Academic Discussion prompt structure, including the professor's question and classmates' posts.
- Understand the expectation to write a relevant and clearly expressed post, adding new information or views to the discussion.
- Demonstrate the ability to state and support your opinion.
- Use precise language, clear explanations, and appropriate grammar.
- Identify and avoid irrelevant, off-topic, or repetitive content in your response.

## **Test Your Knowledge**

_Attempt these questions before reading this article. If you find some difficult or cannot remember the answers, remember to look more closely at that area during your revision._

1. What are the required parts of a response to the TOEFL Academic Discussion prompt?
2. If the prompt includes a professor's question and two student posts, what should your own post add to the discussion?
3. Name one common error that can cause a TOEFL Academic Discussion post to lose points.

## **Introduction**

Writing for an Academic Discussion is a feature of the TOEFL Writing section. You are provided with a short scenario: a professor's question on a topic, followed by at least two responses from classmates. Your task is to contribute your own post, supporting your viewpoint while adding to what has been said.

> **Key Term: Academic Discussion Prompt**
> The format used in the TOEFL Writing section where students respond to a professor's question and two peer posts on an academic topic.

## Prompt Structure

The Academic Discussion prompt consists of:

- The professor's question: usually on a controversial, practical, or theoretical subject.
- Two or more student responses: showing differing views, supporting arguments, or new information.
- Your task: to express your opinion, support it with reasons/examples, and contribute a new idea or viewpoint to the thread.

> **Key Term: Relevant Contribution**
> A post that directly addresses the topic, supports its opinion, and adds something new or develops the discussion further, rather than repeating what others said.

## Participation Requirements

To score well, your post should:

- Directly answer the professor's question, staying on topic.
- Clearly state your viewpoint, using phrases such as "I believe..." or "In my opinion..."
- Support your answer with specific reasons, examples, or evidence.
- Respond to the discussion by adding a new reason, example, viewpoint, or clarification.
- Maintain a formal yet conversational tone, using proper grammar and vocabulary.

> **Key Term: Off-Topic Response**
> An answer that does not address the professor's question or the academic subject of the prompt. Such responses do not receive credit.
>
> **Key Term: Repetitive Response**
> A post that simply repeats what earlier students wrote or rewords classmates' comments without adding new ideas. These may not be scored fully.

## Typical Prompt Elements

Usually, the prompt will follow this structure:

1. Professor asks: "What is your opinion on [topic]? Support your answer and contribute to the class discussion."
2. Student A and B post their views, sometimes opposing, sometimes adding examples or arguments.
3. Your role is to integrate the thread—agree, disagree, or present a different angle, and justify your stance with evidence or explanation.

> **Key Term: Integrate**
> To combine ideas from different sources or posts, either by supporting, contrasting, or expanding on them, rather than simply summarizing them one at a time.

## Writing Your Response

Follow these steps:

1. **Start with your opinion**: "I agree with Anna that [present viewpoint], because...", or, "While Tom makes a good point, I believe..."
2. **Add your main reasons**: Give at least one clear reason. Use an example if possible.
3. **Address the discussion**: Refer to what previous posts said but don't just summarize them. Instead, build upon, extend, or counter their points.
4. **Conclude or summarize** (optional): Briefly restate your view or give a final thought if time allows.

### **Worked Example 1.1**

**Prompt:**
Dr. Lin: "Should students be required to wear school uniforms? Why or why not? Add your own view to the conversation."
Sarah: "Uniforms reduce distraction and make everyone equal, so I support them."
Leo: "Uniforms limit self-expression. I prefer allowing students to choose their own clothes."

**Your Response:**
I disagree with Sarah and agree more with Leo that uniforms are not needed. Although uniforms may create a sense of equality, they also prevent students from showing their personality and can make them uncomfortable. Allowing choice in clothing lets students feel confident and more engaged. In my school, students who wore casual clothes said they felt happier and were able to express their interests. Therefore, I think schools should not require uniforms.

> **Answer:** The response gives an opinion (against uniforms), supports it with a reason and example, and refers to both earlier posts, without directly copying them.

### **Worked Example 1.2**

**Prompt:**
Professor Carter: "Should community service be required for university graduation? Discuss and add to your peers' opinions."
Jamie: "It teaches responsibility and helps society."
Norah: "Not all students have time because of jobs or family."

**Your Response:**
I believe community service should be encouraged but not mandatory. Jamie is right that volunteering builds responsibility, but Norah raises a valid concern. If service was required, students with outside obligations could be unfairly penalized. A compromise could be to offer recognition or academic credit for service instead of making it compulsory. This way, students who are able and interested can participate without adding stress to others.

> **Answer:** This post states a clear, balanced position, supports it, references earlier contributions, and offers a new solution.

### **Exam Warning**

> A common error is repeating the same ideas from previous student responses or simply copying phrases from their posts. This will lower your score. Always add your own reasoning or an additional example.

### **Revision Tip**

> Before submitting, reread your post to check that you have answered the professor's question, supported your view, and brought something unique or additional to the thread.

## **Summary**

When writing for an Academic Discussion on TOEFL, always answer the professor's question, state and support your opinion, refer to or build upon peer posts, and introduce at least one new reason, example, or suggestion. Avoid repetition and irrelevant content.

## **Key Point Checklist**

_This article has covered the following key knowledge points:_

- Recognize and interpret the Academic Discussion prompt and its required response on TOEFL.
- Structure your response to include your own viewpoint, clear reasoning, and reference to the prior posts.
- Understand the need to add new information, not just repeat or copy previous posts.
- Identify and avoid off-topic or repetitive responses.
- Follow formal, precise language and provide supporting arguments.
- Practice writing concise, relevant contributions to academic discussions.

## **Key Terms and Concepts**

- Academic Discussion Prompt
- Relevant Contribution
- Off-Topic Response
- Repetitive Response
- Integrate

Writing for an Academic Discussion - Prompt structure and participation