## Facts

- The Louisiana Department of Public Welfare (DPW) obtained legal custody of several of Gracie M. Tensley Vonner’s children and placed them in the rural foster home of Ethel and Willie Bradford in July 1968.
- For a period after placement, the children appeared well cared for.
- In 1969, the older children ran away multiple times and reported to DPW workers that Ethel Bradford beat the children.
- DPW workers credited Ethel Bradford’s denials and did not pursue a meaningful investigation or obtain medical examinations to assess possible abuse; after a runaway episode, a detention-home supervisor performed only a visual check and found no obvious bruising.
- DPW regulations required regular home visits and annual medical examinations for foster children, but visits were sporadic and mainly triggered by runaway incidents; required annual medical exams were not obtained for at least two of the children during roughly 19 months in the foster home.
- On January 14, 1970, Johnny Vonner (age 5) died from a severe beating inflicted by Ethel Bradford.
- After Johnny’s death, DPW removed Christopher, who had visible injuries; physicians found numerous broken bones in various stages of healing.
- The mother sued Ethel Bradford, Willie Bradford, and the State through DPW for wrongful death and negligent failure to protect.

## Issues

1. Whether DPW, as legal custodian, was liable for the child’s death due to failure to investigate abuse reports and failure to comply with mandatory monitoring and medical-exam requirements.
2. Whether Willie Bradford was liable despite not administering the fatal beating, based on his shared foster-care obligations and failure to protect the children.

## Decision

- The Louisiana Supreme Court reversed the lower courts’ denial of recovery against DPW and Willie Bradford.
- The court held DPW liable because its omissions in supervision and investigation, including noncompliance with protective regulations, were a legal cause of the child’s death.
- The court held Willie Bradford liable because foster-care responsibilities were jointly assumed, and the circumstances supported an inference that he knew or should have known of ongoing abuse and failed to act.
- DPW, Ethel Bradford, and Willie Bradford were held solidarily (jointly and severally) liable; the damages amount set below was left undisturbed.

## Legal Principles

- When the State assumes legal custody of children and places them in foster care, the custodian retains a non-delegable duty to protect the children from foreseeable harm occurring in foster placement.
- Systematic failure to follow mandatory supervision and medical-exam safeguards, particularly after specific abuse complaints, constitutes negligence and may be a legal cause of subsequent injury or death.
- Foster parents who jointly accept foster-care placement bear shared responsibility for the children’s welfare; a spouse may be liable where he shares that obligation and fails to prevent or report ongoing mistreatment that he knew or should have known about.

## Conclusion

The court imposed solidary liability on DPW and both foster parents for a foster child’s wrongful death, finding that DPW’s failure to comply with required monitoring and to respond adequately to abuse reports contributed causally to the fatal harm and that the foster father’s shared duty to protect supported liability even without proof he inflicted the beating.


Vonner v. State ex rel. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 273 So. 2d 252 (La. 1973)