## Facts

- Walker & Company rented, installed, and agreed to maintain a neon advertising sign (with clock and flashing lamps) for Herbert and Mary Harrison’s dry-cleaning business.
- The written rental agreement required monthly payments of $148.50 for 36 months and obligated Walker, at its expense, to service, clean, repaint, and repair the sign to keep it in “first-class advertising condition.”
- A handwritten term provided that title to the sign would revert to the Harrisons at the end of the agreement.
- After installation (late July 1953), the Harrisons made only one payment (for August, paid September 3, 1953).
- The sign developed cosmetic problems: a tomato stain, visible rust on chrome, cobwebs, and writing on the sign.
- Harrison repeatedly requested maintenance by telephone; Walker did not respond promptly.
- On October 8, 1953, Harrison sent Walker a telegram declaring the contract “void” due to failure to maintain the sign and ceased further payments.
- About a week after receiving the telegram, Walker cleaned the sign and notified Harrison it considered the contract still in force and would pursue collection if payments did not resume.
- Walker sued for the remaining contract balance; the Harrisons counterclaimed for damages for alleged breach of the maintenance obligation.

## Issues

1. Whether Walker’s delay and shortcomings in cleaning and maintaining the sign constituted a material breach excusing the Harrisons’ future performance and justifying repudiation.
2. Whether the Harrisons’ declaration that the contract was “void” and cessation of payments amounted to wrongful repudiation making them liable for the remaining value of the lease.

## Decision

- The Michigan Supreme Court affirmed judgment for Walker.
- Walker’s imperfect and delayed maintenance did not constitute a material breach of the 36-month agreement.
- Because Walker’s breach was not material, the Harrisons were not justified in repudiating the contract or stopping payments.
- The Harrisons’ telegram declaring the contract void and refusal to pay constituted wrongful repudiation and a material breach.
- Walker was entitled to damages measured by the value of the remaining lease (as awarded by the trial court), with appropriate interest/adjustments.

## Legal Principles

- A party may terminate or repudiate a contract only for a material breach; an immaterial breach does not excuse the other party’s performance.
- Materiality depends on factors including deprivation of expected benefit, adequacy of damages as compensation, extent of part performance, likelihood of cure, and the breaching party’s good faith.
- Cosmetic or temporary deficiencies that do not substantially defeat the contract’s purpose are generally not material breaches.
- When a breach is not material, the nonbreaching party’s remedy is typically damages for the partial breach rather than rescission.
- Treating a nonmaterial breach as grounds for termination can itself constitute an anticipatory repudiation and a material breach, exposing the repudiating party to full contract damages.

## Conclusion

The court held that delayed cleaning and minor maintenance defects in an advertising sign did not substantially deprive the lessees of the contract’s benefits, so repudiation was unjustified; by declaring the contract void and stopping payments, the lessees wrongfully repudiated and became liable for the remaining lease value.


Walker & Co. v. Harrison, 347 Mich. 630, 81 N.W.2d 352 (Mich. 1957)