## Facts

- Former employees and survivors of former employees from an asbestos facility in Tyler, Texas alleged occupational exposure to asbestos dust from about 1962–1972.
- The putative class included roughly 570 workers (and survivors) asserting personal injury and wrongful death claims for asbestosis, lung cancer, and other pulmonary diseases.
- The action named nine defendants, including PPG Industries, Inc., and other entities linked to manufacturing, supplying, or operating asbestos-related products at the facility.
- Plaintiffs asserted multiple liability theories, including negligence, gross negligence, strict products liability, and claims tied to employment-related statutory remedies against particular defendants.
- Exposure circumstances varied by worker, including job assignment, work location, time period, and duration of employment; medical conditions and causation questions varied across plaintiffs.
- Plaintiffs moved to certify a damages class under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(b)(3), proposing class treatment at least for liability issues; defendants opposed certification.

## Issues

1. Whether common questions of law or fact predominated over individual questions as required by Rule 23(b)(3).
2. Whether a class action was superior to other available methods for fair and efficient adjudication under Rule 23(b)(3), including considerations of manageability and alternative procedures.

## Decision

- The court denied class certification under Rule 23(b)(3).
- The court found individualized issues—particularly exposure, causation, and defenses—would outweigh any common questions, defeating predominance.
- The court held a class action was not a superior method because the case would be difficult to manage as a class proceeding and plaintiffs had strong interests in controlling their own serious injury or death claims.
- The litigation was allowed to proceed for the named plaintiffs, with others permitted to join or intervene individually rather than through a certified class.

## Legal Principles

- Rule 23(b)(3) certification requires that common questions predominate over individualized issues and that class treatment be superior to other adjudication methods.
- In toxic-exposure personal injury litigation, wide variation in exposure circumstances, medical causation, and individualized defenses may prevent a finding of predominance.
- Manageability concerns may defeat superiority where resolving “liability-only” class issues remains intertwined with individualized proof of causation, exposure, and defenses.
- Potential jurisdictional complications in diversity-based class litigation (including amount-in-controversy issues for absent members) may weigh against class certification.

## Conclusion

The court refused to certify an asbestos-exposure damages class because individualized proof on exposure, causation, and defenses predominated and a class proceeding was not a manageable or superior method compared to individual actions with joinder or consolidation where appropriate.


Yandle v. PPG Indus., Inc., 65 F.R.D. 566 (E.D. Tex. 1974)