## Facts

- Ajai Bhatia and Marlene Debek were involved in a contentious custody dispute over their minor daughter.
- During the dispute, Debek repeatedly interfered with Bhatia’s visitation and made escalating allegations against him, culminating in a claim that he sexually abused the child.
- Debek’s report led to criminal proceedings against Bhatia for sexual assault and risk of injury to a child.
- A jury acquitted Bhatia of sexual assault; the jury deadlocked on the risk-of-injury count, which was later dismissed.
- After the criminal case ended, Bhatia sued Debek for malicious prosecution, alleging she made false accusations without probable cause and with an improper motive tied to the custody dispute.
- Following a bench trial, the Superior Court found for Bhatia and awarded damages; it later denied Debek’s motion to open the judgment.

## Issues

1. Whether Debek was immune from liability for malicious prosecution under Conn. Gen. Stat. § 17a-101e(b) (good-faith immunity for child-abuse reporters) or under common-law immunity.
2. Whether the evidence was sufficient to prove the elements of malicious prosecution, including lack of probable cause and malice.
3. Whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying Debek’s motion to open the judgment.
4. Whether the damages award lacked evidentiary support or was so excessive as to “shock the conscience.”

## Decision

- The Connecticut Supreme Court affirmed the judgment for Bhatia.
- The court held that Debek was not entitled to statutory immunity under § 17a-101e(b) because the fact-finder reasonably could determine she did not act in good faith.
- The court rejected common-law immunity to the extent it would shield knowingly false or bad-faith accusations.
- The court concluded the evidence supported each malicious prosecution element, including favorable termination, lack of probable cause, and malice.
- The court held the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to open the judgment.
- The court upheld the damages award as supported by the record and not excessive under the applicable standard of review.

## Legal Principles

- Malicious prosecution requires proof that (1) the defendant initiated or procured criminal proceedings, (2) the proceedings terminated in the plaintiff’s favor, (3) the defendant acted without probable cause, and (4) the defendant acted with malice.
- Probable cause is assessed based on the facts known at the time the defendant initiated or continued the prosecution; lack of probable cause is an essential element.
- Conn. Gen. Stat. § 17a-101e(b) provides qualified immunity for reporting suspected child abuse only when the report is made in good faith; bad faith or knowing falsity defeats the immunity.
- Statutory good-faith immunity operates as an affirmative defense whose application depends on factual findings.
- Appellate review after a bench trial is deferential to the trial court’s factual findings (clearly erroneous standard) and reviews denial of a motion to open for abuse of discretion.
- A damages award will be disturbed only when plainly excessive, including when it is unsupported by evidence or “shocks the conscience.”

## Conclusion

The court affirmed liability and damages for malicious prosecution arising from child-abuse accusations made in a custody dispute, holding that child-abuse reporting immunity under § 17a-101e(b) is conditioned on good faith and does not protect bad-faith or knowingly false reports.


Bhatia v. Debek, 287 Conn. 397 (Conn. 2008)