## Facts

- Cletus McLaughlin, about 20 years old, drove his father’s automobile late at night downhill on Northampton Street in Wilkes-Barre Township with two passengers.
- Traveling about 20–25 miles per hour, the car struck three pedestrians walking ahead in the roadway.
- Two pedestrians (a husband and infant child) died; the wife was seriously injured.
- Trial testimony conflicted on whether the headlights were on, whether the horn was sounded, and whether McLaughlin was intoxicated.
- The car continued roughly 200 feet after impact before stopping.
- McLaughlin promptly returned to the scene, helped assist the victims into other vehicles, and aided in taking them to the hospital.
- The evidence showed negligent driving and possible traffic-law violations, but no intent to strike the pedestrians and no prior hostility toward them.

## Issues

1. Whether evidence of negligent driving causing a fatal collision, without proof of intent to kill or conscious and wanton disregard for human life, is sufficient to establish “malice” for second-degree murder under Pennsylvania law.

## Decision

- The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania reversed the judgment of conviction for second-degree murder and remanded.
- The court held the evidence did not support a finding of malice required for second-degree murder.
- The court indicated the facts could support prosecution for involuntary manslaughter arising from the same incident.

## Legal Principles

- Murder at common law is the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought, express or implied.
- Second-degree murder does not require a specific intent to kill, but it does require malice, shown by a wickedness of disposition or conduct evidencing a conscious disregard of an obvious, life-threatening risk.
- In automobile-homicide cases, malice is not inferred merely because a death occurred; the Commonwealth must show the driver acted with knowledge (actual or imputable) that the manner of driving created probable peril to human life and nonetheless persisted.
- Even serious negligence, including traffic-law violations, supports involuntary manslaughter—not murder—absent proof of a state of mind from which malice may be implied.
- Post-collision conduct may be considered in assessing whether the evidence supports an inference of malice.

## Conclusion

Because the record showed, at most, negligent driving without proof that McLaughlin knowingly continued in conduct posing probable peril to human life, the evidence was insufficient to establish malice for second-degree murder; the conviction was reversed and the case remanded, leaving the Commonwealth free to proceed on involuntary manslaughter.


Commonwealth v. McLaughlin, 293 Pa. 218, 142 A. 213 (Pa. 1928)