## Facts

- George Leon Crocker and Jesse McKenzie spent time together at McKenzie’s home and made a trip to buy alcohol before returning to the home.
- After returning, McKenzie changed clothes and left his pants on a bed with his wallet in the pocket; the wallet contained $500 in cash.
- McKenzie did not see Crocker take the money; he later discovered the $500 missing and concluded Crocker took it and left.
- McKenzie affirmatively testified that Crocker did not take the money by force or threat of force and did not place him in fear of immediate bodily harm.
- The State offered no evidence of a struggle, intimidation, threats, or other violence connected to the taking.

## Issues

1. Whether the evidence was sufficient to prove robbery when the State’s proof showed no force, violence, threats, or putting the victim in immediate fear at the time of the taking.
2. Whether the trial court erred by denying the defendant’s motion for a directed verdict at the close of the State’s evidence.

## Decision

- The Supreme Court of Mississippi reversed the robbery conviction.
- The court held the State failed to prove an essential element of robbery: violence to the person or putting the victim in fear of immediate injury.
- The court ruled the trial court should have granted a directed verdict because, even viewed most favorably to the State, the evidence showed at most a non-violent theft rather than robbery.

## Legal Principles

- Robbery requires a felonious taking and carrying away of property from the person or presence of the owner accomplished by violence to the person or by putting the person in fear of immediate injury.
- Force, threat of force, or immediate fear is a required element distinguishing robbery from larceny or other non-violent theft offenses.
- A directed verdict is required when, taking the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, the proof still fails to establish every element of the charged offense.

## Conclusion

Because the State’s own evidence negated any force, threats, violence, or immediate fear connected to the taking, the proof was legally insufficient to support robbery, and the conviction was reversed for failure to grant a directed verdict.


Crocker v. State, 272 So. 2d 664 (Miss. 1973)