## Facts

- Alberto Ochoa consumed approximately 17 to 22 beers over an afternoon and evening at a family gathering.
- After going to bed intoxicated, he later drove alone on a freeway at about 60 to 70 miles per hour in light traffic.
- Witnesses observed erratic driving, including weaving and unsafe lane changes without signaling.
- Ochoa rear-ended a car with visible taillights, killing two occupants.
- He left the scene, supporting a hit-and-run charge.
- Evidence indicated an estimated blood-alcohol concentration of about 0.15 at the time of driving, and expert testimony described impairment at that level.
- The prosecution introduced evidence that Ochoa had a prior DUI conviction, was on probation, and had attended a court-ordered alcohol-awareness class warning about the dangers of drunk driving, to show awareness of risk relevant to gross negligence.

## Issues

1. Whether the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, was sufficient for a rational jury to find gross negligence for gross vehicular manslaughter while intoxicated.
2. Whether evidence of a prior DUI conviction, probationary status, and alcohol-awareness instruction could be considered in assessing gross negligence and in appellate review of evidentiary sufficiency.

## Decision

- The California Supreme Court reversed the Court of Appeal’s reduction of the convictions and reinstated the gross vehicular manslaughter while intoxicated convictions.
- The Court held that substantial evidence supported a finding of gross negligence based on Ochoa’s heavy drinking, intoxication level, manner of freeway driving, and the fatal rear-end collision.
- The Court held that evidence of Ochoa’s prior DUI-related experience and alcohol-risk instruction was relevant to show knowledge of the dangers and could be considered in evaluating gross negligence.
- The Court remanded to the Court of Appeal to decide other unresolved appellate issues.

## Legal Principles

- Gross negligence for gross vehicular manslaughter while intoxicated requires a more aggravated departure from ordinary care, incompatible with proper regard for human life, and may be shown by the manner of driving and surrounding circumstances.
- The gross-negligence standard is objective (a reasonable person in the same situation), but the defendant’s circumstances, including prior DUI-related knowledge and instruction, may inform what risks a reasonable person in that situation would recognize.
- On sufficiency review, an appellate court must consider all evidence admitted at trial in the light most favorable to the judgment and may not reweigh evidence or exclude admitted evidence as “prejudicial” to reduce the prosecution’s proof.

## Conclusion

The court held that a jury could rationally find gross negligence where an intoxicated driver engaged in dangerous freeway driving that caused two deaths, and it clarified that prior DUI-related knowledge and instruction, once properly admitted, may be used to show awareness of risk and must be included in sufficiency-of-the-evidence review.


People v. Ochoa, 6 Cal. 4th 1199, 864 P.2d 103 (Cal. 1993)