## Facts

- Lanette Ramey was injured in a head-on collision on Interstate 405.
- Nancy Knorr turned her vehicle around on the highway, drove toward oncoming traffic, removed her seatbelt, and struck Ramey’s vehicle head-on.
- At the time of the collision, Knorr was experiencing delusions and believed she was the target of a conspiracy to harm her; she was also attempting suicide.
- Knorr had previously received treatment for a mental condition and chose not to continue prescribed medication.
- Knorr had experienced delusions for months before the collision, including the night before, when she believed intruders were coming to rape and kill her and her family.
- Ramey sued Nancy Knorr and her husband, William Knorr, for negligence. Knorr asserted an affirmative defense of “sudden mental incapacity.”
- Before trial, the trial court denied Knorr’s summary-judgment motion.
- At trial, the court granted Ramey’s motion for judgment as a matter of law (directed verdict) dismissing the sudden-mental-incapacity defense.
- The jury returned a verdict for Ramey and awarded $497,578 in damages. The trial court denied Knorr’s post-verdict motions for judgment as a matter of law or, alternatively, a new trial.

## Issues

1. Whether there was a legally sufficient evidentiary basis for a reasonable jury to find Knorr proved sudden mental incapacity, including the requirement that she had no prior notice or forewarning of becoming disabled.
2. Whether the trial court properly granted judgment as a matter of law removing the sudden-mental-incapacity defense from the jury.
3. Whether the trial court abused its discretion in refusing Knorr’s proposed jury instructions and in giving the instructions it gave.
4. Whether the trial court erred in denying Knorr’s summary-judgment motion and post-trial motions (judgment as a matter of law and new trial).

## Decision

- The Court of Appeals affirmed.
- The court held there was no legally sufficient evidentiary basis for a jury to find Knorr entitled to a sudden-mental-incapacity defense because the evidence showed forewarning of mental disability.
- The directed verdict for Ramey on the defense was proper under CR 50.
- The trial court acted within its discretion on the jury-instruction rulings.
- The trial court properly denied Knorr’s summary-judgment motion and post-trial motions.

## Legal Principles

- Mental illness or insanity is generally not a defense to negligence.
- Where recognized, the limited defense of sudden mental incapacity requires proof that: (1) the defendant had no prior notice or forewarning of the potential for becoming disabled, and (2) the disability rendered the defendant incapable of conforming to the standard of ordinary care.
- Under CR 50, judgment as a matter of law is proper when there is no legally sufficient evidentiary basis for a reasonable jury to find for the nonmoving party on an issue; the court views the evidence and reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the nonmovant.
- Appellate review of a directed-verdict ruling is de novo.
- A party is entitled to jury instructions on its theory only if supported by the evidence; a trial court’s refusal to give a requested instruction is reviewed for abuse of discretion.

## Conclusion

Because Knorr’s history of treatment, her decision to stop medication, and months of delusions (including severe delusions the night before the crash) provided forewarning, no reasonable jury could find that her condition was “sudden” in the required sense; the directed verdict dismissing the defense and the judgment for Ramey were affirmed.


Ramey v. Knorr, 130 Wash. App. 1003 (2005)