## Facts

- Travis W. Bowen entered Layne and Ruth White’s rural home at night without authority while the occupants were present in an upstairs bedroom.
- The Whites were awakened and contacted family members, who contacted law enforcement.
- When confronted inside the house by officers, Bowen possessed two knives; testimony indicated one knife was opened before he entered.
- Bowen was under the influence of methamphetamine and had methamphetamine and marijuana on his person.
- Bowen was charged with aggravated burglary and drug possession offenses; he appealed only the aggravated burglary conviction.
- For aggravated burglary, the State instructed alternative intended felonies: theft, possession of methamphetamine, aggravated battery, and aggravated assault.
- A special verdict form required the jury to identify the intended felony; the jury selected possession of methamphetamine and aggravated assault.

## Issues

1. Whether the evidence was sufficient to prove Bowen entered the residence with intent to commit the felony of possession of methamphetamine inside the residence.
2. Whether the evidence was sufficient to prove Bowen entered the residence with intent to commit aggravated assault.
3. Whether insufficiency as to one alternatively instructed intended felony required reversal when the jury also specifically found another intended felony.

## Decision

- The court held the evidence was legally insufficient to support the “intent to commit possession of methamphetamine therein” theory because the record showed only continuous possession, not entry for the purpose of possessing drugs inside the home.
- The court held the evidence was legally sufficient to support the “intent to commit aggravated assault” theory based on Bowen’s unauthorized nighttime entry into an occupied home while armed with knives, including evidence a knife was opened before entry.
- The court affirmed the aggravated burglary conviction because the jury, by special verdict, expressly found a valid alternative intent (aggravated assault), so the unsupported alternative did not require reversal.

## Legal Principles

- Aggravated burglary requires proof that the defendant knowingly and without authority entered or remained in an occupied structure with intent to commit a felony, theft, or sexual battery “therein.”
- When reviewing sufficiency of the evidence, an appellate court views all evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution and asks whether a rational factfinder could find guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
- Proof that a defendant possessed contraband before entry, and continued to possess it during and after entry, without evidence the entry was for the purpose of committing that possession offense inside the premises, is insufficient to establish intent to commit that felony “therein.”
- Intent to commit aggravated assault may be inferred from circumstances of entry and conduct, including unauthorized entry into an occupied residence at night while armed in a manner that reasonably places occupants in apprehension of immediate bodily harm.
- Where alternative intended felonies are submitted and the jury’s special verdict identifies at least one legally sufficient intended felony, insufficiency of another identified alternative does not require reversal of the aggravated burglary conviction.

## Conclusion

The court affirmed Bowen’s aggravated burglary conviction because the jury specifically found an intent to commit aggravated assault supported by sufficient evidence, even though the alternative theory that he intended to commit felony possession of methamphetamine inside the residence was unsupported.


State v. Bowen, 262 Kan. 705, 942 P.2d 7 (Kan. 1997)