## Facts

- The State filed a juvenile delinquency petition alleging G.C. aided and abetted an attempted burglary.
- The evidence showed G.C. knew Delgado intended to burglarize an apartment.
- G.C. accompanied Delgado to the apartment building.
- G.C stood nearby and watched while Delgado removed glass panes from an apartment window in an apparent attempt to gain entry.
- The State argued G.C.’s proximity and observation supported an inference that he acted as a lookout.
- The juvenile court adjudicated G.C. delinquent for attempted burglary on an aiding-and-abetting theory.
- G.C. appealed, arguing the evidence proved only presence and knowledge, not assistance or encouragement.

## Issues

1. Whether evidence that a juvenile knew of a planned burglary, accompanied the principal to the scene, and watched nearby during the attempt is sufficient to prove aiding and abetting attempted burglary.
2. Whether presence at the scene combined with knowledge of criminal intent, without proof of an affirmative act, can sustain a delinquency adjudication based on accomplice liability.

## Decision

- The appellate court reversed the adjudication of delinquency.
- The court held the evidence showed only G.C.’s knowledge of the intended crime and his presence at the scene.
- The court rejected the State’s “lookout” characterization because the record lacked proof of conduct amounting to assistance or encouragement.
- Because the State failed to prove an affirmative act furthering the attempted burglary, the evidence was legally insufficient to establish aiding-and-abetting liability.

## Legal Principles

- Knowledge that a crime will be committed and presence at the scene, without more, is generally insufficient to establish aiding and abetting.
- Accomplice liability requires proof of an act, word, or conduct that assists, encourages, or participates in the commission or attempted commission of the offense.
- A delinquency adjudication based on aiding and abetting requires proof beyond a reasonable doubt of the juvenile’s participatory conduct, not mere association with the principal.

## Conclusion

The court reversed the juvenile delinquency adjudication because the State proved only that G.C. knew of the attempted burglary and was present while it occurred, which, without an affirmative act of assistance or encouragement, does not establish aiding-and-abetting liability.


G.C. v. State, 407 So. 2d 639 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 3d Dist. 1981)