Facts
- Mr. Everett was assaulted while a patron at Comojo (UK) Ltd's nightclub.
- He sustained injuries as a result of violent conduct by a third party on the premises.
- There was evidence of previous violent incidents at the venue.
- Mr. Everett alleged that the operators failed to provide adequate security and risk mitigation.
- The case addressed the liability of nightclub operators for injuries inflicted by the actions of other individuals within their establishment.
Issues
- Whether the nightclub owed Mr. Everett a duty of care to protect him from foreseeable harm resulting from third-party violence.
- Whether prior incidents of violence made the risk of assault foreseeable to the nightclub operators.
- Whether the nightclub took reasonable steps to mitigate the risk of such assaults.
- Whether the operators’ failure to act on prior incidents constituted negligence.
Decision
- The Court of Appeal held that nightclub operators owe patrons a duty of care, particularly concerning foreseeable risks of violence.
- Evidence of prior violent incidents was sufficient to make the risk to Mr. Everett foreseeable.
- The court found that Comojo (UK) Ltd had not implemented adequate security measures in light of prior incidents.
- The operators’ failure to take reasonable steps to address known risks amounted to negligence.
- Liability was attributable to the nightclub for the assault suffered by Mr. Everett.
Legal Principles
- The duty of care in negligence is established through the Caparo v Dickman three-stage test: foreseeability, proximity, and whether it is fair, just, and reasonable to impose a duty.
- Foreseeability of harm is critical in determining the existence and scope of duty for premises operators.
- Prior incidents are relevant in assessing foreseeability but are not alone determinative; their frequency and severity, and the response to them, are key.
- Operators of nightclubs and similar venues must implement reasonable security measures proportional to foreseeable risks.
- Failure to act in response to prior incidents of violence can result in liability for subsequent harm to patrons.
Conclusion
The Everett v Comojo (UK) Ltd [2011] EWCA Civ 13 judgment confirmed that nightclub operators can be held liable for third-party assaults if such risks are foreseeable and adequate preventive measures are not taken, reinforcing the significance of proactive risk management in high-risk environments.